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Home Drug Study

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

Jude Arko by Jude Arko
2 years ago
in Drug Study, Notes
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Cimetidine (Tagamet)
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Cimetidine (Tagamet) inhibits the action of histamine at the histamine2 (H2) receptors of the stomach, inhibiting gastric acid secretion and reducing total pepsin output.

Brand Names

  • Tagamet
  • Tagamet HB, Tagamet HB Suspension

Drug class

  • Histamine2 (H2) antagonist
  • Pregnancy Category B

Therapeutic actions

Inhibits the action of histamine at the histamine2 (H2) receptors of the stomach, inhibiting gastric acid secretion and reducing total pepsin output.

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Indications

  • Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer
  • Short-term treatment of benign gastric ulcer
  • Treatment of pathologic hypersecretory conditions (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)
  • Prophylaxis of stress-induced ulcers and acute upper GI bleeding in critical patients
  • Treatment of erosive GERD
  • OTC use: Relief of symptoms of heartburn, acid indigestion, sour stomach

Contraindications and Cautions

  • Contraindicated with allergy to cimetidine.
  • Use cautiously with impaired renal or hepatic function, lactation.

Available Forms

Tablets—100, 200, 300, 400, 800 mg; liquid—300 mg/5 mL; injection—150 mg/mL, 300 mg/2 mL

Dosages

ADULTS

  • Active duodenal ulcer: 800 mg PO hs or 300 mg PO qid at meals and hs or 400 mg PO bid; continue for 4–6 wk. For intractable ulcers, 300 mg IM or IV q 6–8 hr.
  • Maintenance therapy for duodenal ulcer: 400 mg PO hs.
  • Active gastric ulcer: 300 mg PO qid at meals and hs or 800 mg hs.
  • Pathologic hypersecretory syndrome: 300 mg PO qid at meals and hs, or 300 mg IV or IM q 6 hr. Individualize doses as needed; do not exceed 2,400 mg/day.
  • Erosive GERD: 1,600 mg PO in divided doses bid–qid for 12 wk.
  • Prevention of upper GI bleeding: Continuous IV infusion of 50 mg/hr. Do not treat beyond 7 days (if creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min, give 25 mg/hr).
  • Heartburn, acid indigestion: 200 mg as symptoms occur, up to 4 tablets/24 hr.

PEDIATRIC PATIENTS

Not recommended for children < 12 yr.

GERIATRIC PATIENTS OR PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION

Accumulation may occur. Use lowest dose possible, 300 mg PO or IV q 12 hr; may be increased to q 8 hr if patient tolerates it and levels are monitored; if creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min, give 25 mg/hr IV for prevention of upper GI bleed.

Adverse Effects

  • CNS: Dizziness, somnolence, headache, confusion, hallucinations, peripheral neuropathy; symptoms of brain stem dysfunction (dysarthria, ataxia, diplopia)
  • CV: Cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, hypotension (IV use)
  • GI: Diarrhea
  • Hematologic: Increases in plasma creatinine, serum transaminase
  • Other: Impotence (reversible), gynecomastia (in long-term treatment), rash, vasculitis, pain at IM injection site

Interactions

Drug-drug

  • Increased risk of decreased white blood cell counts with antimetabolites, alkylating agents, other drugs known to cause neutropenia
  • Increased serum levels and risk of toxicity of warfarin-type anticoagulants, phenytoin, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, alcohol, quinidine, lidocaine, theophylline, chloroquine, certain benzodiazepines (alprazolam,chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, flurazepam, triazolam), nifedipine, pentoxifylline, TCAs, procainamide, carbamazepine when taken with cimetidine

Nursing Interventions

  • Give drug with meals and hs.
  • Administer IM dose undiluted deep into large muscle group.
  • Arrange for regular follow-up, including blood tests to evaluate effects.
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