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Home Notes Drug Study

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Jude Arko by Jude Arko
18 May 2022
in Drug Study, Notes
Reading Time: 4 mins read
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Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) is a fluoroquinolone used for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, P. vulgaris, P. rettgeri, M. morganii, P. aeruginosa,Citrobacter freundii, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, group D streptococci.

Indications

  • For the treatment of infections caused by susceptible gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, P. vulgaris, P. rettgeri, M. morganii, P. aeruginosa,Citrobacter freundii, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, group D streptococci
  • Otic: Treatment of acute otitis externa
  • Treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis
  • IV: Treatment of nosocomial pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae, K. pneumoniae
  • Oral: Typhoid fever
  • Oral: STDs caused by N. gonorrheae

Contraindications and cautions

  • Contraindicated with allergy to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin or other fluoroquinolones, pregnancy, lactation.
  • Use cautiously with renal dysfunction, seizures, tendinitis or tendon rupture associated with fluoroquinolone use

Dosages

ADULTS

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  • Uncomplicated UTIs: 100–250 mg PO q 12 hr for 3 days or 500 mg PO daily (ER tablets) for 3 days.
  • Mild to moderate UTIs: 250 mg PO q 12 hr for 7–14 days or 200 mg IV q 12 hr for 7–14 days.
  • Complicated UTIs: 500 mg bid PO q 12 hr for 7–14 days or 400 mg IV q 12 hr or 1,000 mg (ER tablets) PO daily for 7–14 days.
  • Chronic bacterial prostatitis: 500 mg PO q 12 hr for 28 days or 400 mg IV q 12 hr for 28 days.
  • Infectious diarrhea: 500 mg q 12 hr PO for 5–7 days.
  • Anthrax postexposure: 500 mg PO q 12 hr for 60 days or 400 mg IV q 12 hr for 60 days.
  • Respiratory infections 500–750 mg PO or 400 mg IV q 12 hr for 7–14 days.
  • Acute sinusitis: 500 mg PO q 12 hr or 400 mg IV q 12 hr for 10 days.
  • Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis: 1,000 mg ER tablets PO daily for 7–14 days.
  • Bone, joint, skin infections: 500–750 mg PO or 400 mg IV q 12 hr for 4–6 wk.
  • Nosocomial pneumonia: 400 mg IV q 8 hr.
  • Ophthalmic infections caused by susceptible organisms not responsive to other therapy: 1 or 2 drops per eye daily or bid or 1/2-inch ribbon of ointment into conjunctival sac tid on first 2 days, then apply 1/2-inch ribbon bid for next 5 days.
  • Acute otitis externa: 4 drops in infected ear, tid–qid.

Adverse effects

  • CNS: Headache, dizziness, insomnia, fatigue, somnolence, depression, blurred vision
  • CV: Arrhythmias, hypotension, angina
  • EENT: Dry eye, eye pain, keratopathy
  • GI: Nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, diarrhea, abdominal pain
  • Hematologic: Elevated BUN, AST, ALT, serum creatinine and alkaline phosphatase; decreased WBC, neutrophil count, Hct
  • Other: Fever, rash

Nursing Assessment

  • History: Allergy to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin or other quinolones; renal dysfunction; seizures; lactation
  • Physical: Skin color, lesions; orientation, reflexes, affect; mucous membranes, bowel sounds; renal and liver function tests

Nursing Interventions

  • Arrange for culture and sensitivity tests before beginning therapy.
  • Continue therapy for 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection are gone.
  • Ensure that patient is well hydrated.
  • Give antacids at least 2 hrs after dosing.
  • Monitor clinical response; if no improvement is seen or a relapse occurs, repeat culture and sensitivity.
  • Encourage patient to complete full course of therapy.

Patient Education

  • Educate patient not to touch tip of eye ointment or solution for this may contaminate the product.
  • Encourage patient to drink plenty of fluids while taking this drug.
  • Educate patient on these side effects: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain (eat frequent small meals); diarrhoea or constipation; drowsiness, blurring of vision, dizziness (observe caution when driving or using dangerous equipment).
  • Encourage patient to report rash, visual changes, severe GI problems, weakness, tremors.

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Jude Arko

Jude Arko

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